Thanks, Hannah-- I had been reading bits and pieces about this for some years, but this is a pretty extensive article. Significant numbers of priests and congregants have been leaving Moscow Patriarchate Orthodox churches in Ukraine recently. It poses difficulties with rituals and the language of services, among other things. Think of the psychological stress of leaving a church where generations of one's forebears--including one's own parents--are buried, to attend a church of the other patriarchate. Well, there are stories of Ukrainian native Russian speakers vowing not to speak Russian any more, and in the case of young families to raise their children as native Ukrainian speakers. There were Russian intelligence officers who knew perfectly well that Ukrainian nationalism was not just strong, but had become indestructible. But Tsar Vladimir IV chose not to listen to them. I find the parallels with Nicholas I and his Crimean War to be striking. ---Alan
Paywall. [sigh] But one thing that puzzles me is references to commuters being affected. Why would commuter railroads (e.g., Chicago's Metra) be under the same contract as long-distance freight railroads?
I was able to sneak past the paywall. It sounds like we are going to have to have one or more horrendous train crashes to get it through the heads of the numbskulls in Congress that understaffing of railways (as well as other workplaces) is dangerous. Maybe another train running full tilt into Washington Union Station (like 1953) would do the trick. ----Alan
I had no idear there's a paywall on Heather's site! I signed up for her FREE daily letter, and can see it...in fact, it's emailed to me daily. You might want to sign up.
Here's the story...
On Friday, December 2, President Joe Biden signed into law House Joint Resolution 100, “which provides for a resolution with respect to the unresolved disputes between certain railroads represented by the National Carriers’ Conference Committee of the National Railway Labor Conference and certain of their employees.”
What that long title means is that the U.S. government has overridden the usual union ratification procedures of a tentative agreement to hammer out differences between employers and the 115,000 workers covered by the agreement. Eight of the 12 involved unions had agreed to the deal, which provides 24% wage increases but no sick days, and four had not.
Their refusal to agree seemed almost certain to lead to a strike in which all the unions would participate, shutting down key supply chains and badly hurting the U.S. economy. Some estimated the costs of a strike would be about $2 billion a day, freezing almost 30% of freight shipments by weight, and causing a crisis in all economic sectors—including retail, just before the holidays. It would also disrupt travel for up to 7 million commuters a day and stop about 6300 carloads of food every day from moving. So the government stepped in.
Biden asked Congress on Monday, November 28, to act to prevent a rail strike, but there was a long history behind this particular measure, and an even longer one behind the government’s pressure on railroad workers.
The story behind today’s crisis started in 2017 when former president Trump’s trade war hammered agriculture and manufacturing, leading railroad companies to fire workers—more than 20,000 of them in 2019 alone, dropping the number of railroad workers in the U.S. below 200,000 for the first time since the Department of Labor began to keep track of such statistics in the 1940s. By December 2020, the industry had lost 40,000 jobs, most of them among the people who actually operated the trains.
Those jobs did not come back even after the economy did, though, as railroad companies implemented a system called precision scheduled railroading, or PSR. “We fundamentally changed the way we operate over the last 2½ years,” Bryan Tucker, vice president of communications at railroad corporation CSX told Heather Long of the Washington Post in January 2020. “It’s a different way of running a railroad.”
PSR made trains longer and operated them with a skeleton crew that was held to a strict schedule. This dramatically improved on-time delivery rates but sometimes left just two people in charge of a train two to three miles long, with no back-up and no option for sick days, family emergencies, or any of the normal interruptions that life brings, because the staffing was so lean it depended on everyone being in place. Any disruption in schedules brought disciplinary action and possible job loss. Workers got an average of 3 weeks’ vacation and holidays, but the rest of their time, including weekends, was tightly controlled, while smaller crews meant more dangerous working conditions.
PSR helped the railroad corporations make record profits. In 2021, revenue for the two largest railroad corporations in the U.S., the Union Pacific and BNSF (owned by Warren Buffett), jumped 12% to $21.8 billion and 11.6% to $22.5 billion, respectively.
About three years ago, union leaders and railroad management began negotiating new contracts but had little luck. In July, Biden established a Presidential Emergency Board (PEB) to try to resolve the differences. The PEB’s August report called for significant wage increases but largely kicked down the road the problems associated with PSR. The National Carriers Conference Committee, which represents the railroads, called the report “fair and appropriate”; not all of the involved unions did.
And here is the deeper historical background to this issue: the government has no final power to force railroad owners to meet workers’ demands. In 1952, in the midst of the Korean War, believing that steel companies were being unreasonable in their unwillingness to bargain with workers, President Harry S. Truman seized control of steel production facilities to prevent a strike that would stop the production of steel defense contractors needed. But, in the Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer decision, the Supreme Court said that the president could not seize private property unless Congress explicitly authorized it to do so. This means that the government has very little leverage over corporations to force them to meet workers’ demands.
But, thanks to the 1926 Railway Labor Act, Congress can force railroad workers to stay on the job. The 1926 law was one of the first laws on the books to try to stop strikes by providing a mechanism for negotiations between workers and employers. But if the two sides cannot agree after a long pattern of negotiations and cooling off periods, Congress can impose a deal that both sides have to honor.
The idea was to force both sides to bargain, but a key player in this policy was the American consumer, who had turned harshly against railroad workers when the two-month 1894 Pullman Strike, after drastic wage cuts, shut down the country. For the most part, Americans turned against the strikers as travel became diabolically difficult and goods stopped moving. Even reformer Jane Addams, who generally sympathized with workers, worried that the economic crisis had made forgiving the strikers “well-nigh impossible.”
While management generally likes the current system, workers point out that it removes their most effective leverage. Employers can always count on Congress to step in to avoid a railroad strike that would bring the country’s economy to its knees. On November 28, CNN Business reported that more than 400 business groups were asking Congress to enforce the tentative deal in order to prevent a strike. At the same time, the Supreme Court in 1952 took away the main leverage the government had against companies.
And so the House passed the measure forcing the unions to accept the tentative deal on Wednesday, November 30, by a vote of 290 to 137. Two hundred and eleven (211) Democrats voted yes; 8 voted no. Seventy-nine (79) Republicans voted yes; 129 voted no.
But then the House promptly took up a measure, House Concurrent Resolution 119, to correct the bill by providing a minimum of 7 paid sick days for the employees covered by the agreement. That, too, passed, by a vote of 221 to 207, with three Republicans joining all the Democrats to vote yes. Those three Republicans were Don Bacon (R-NE), who has gotten attention lately for trying to carve a space for himself away from the rest of the party as someone concerned about practical matters; Brian Fitzpatrick (R-PA); and John Katko (R-NY).
It was a neat way for Congress to impose its will on the companies under the terms of the Railway Labor Act.
But the railway struggle was about more than sick leave. It was about a system that has historically made it harder for workers than for employers to get what they want. And it is about consumers, who—in the past at any rate—have blamed strikers rather than management when the trains stopped running.
You beat me to it, listener. Fines said to be as much as 1.6 megabucks; I should think they ought to have to cough up back taxes plus interest-- but I would think lots of things. I shall peruse the gnus. ----Alan
You beat me to it, listener. And it only took the jury one day! I suppose that in addition to the fines, they will also have to cough up back taxes and penalties plus interest. ---Alan
Jan. 6 ‘heroes’ honored for defending Capitol from Trump mob "Showing the raw political and emotional fallout from the insurrection and its aftermath, representatives of one of the medal recipients — the family of fallen officer Brian Sicknick — declined to shake hands with the Republican leaders."
Well, as Carville said, the country is getting great lessons in civics . Georgia has been hard to predict because of irregular voters. Because we took Republican ballots in the primary to support Raffensperger, we are getting Republican mailers and robo calls.
There is speculation that the strikes against airbases well inside of Russia have been made with updated Tu-141 drones. [Click] Originally fielded in the 1970’s for reconnaissance purposes, Ukraine is thought to have fitted them with warheads and modern guidance systems. Range 1,000 km (620 miles), cruise speed 1,000 km/hr (540 knots), close to Mach 1. ---Alan
With about 76% of the votes counted in Georgia, Warnock leads by about 1%. I read earlier in the day that it was raining in the strongly Republican counties of northern Georgia. ----Alan
NYT 20 minutes ago: Fulton, Cobb and DeKalb counties are the backbone of Warnock’s support. Cobb and Fulton have reported just over half their votes; DeKalb, a Democratic stronghold, only 5%. Overall about 76% of votes counted, Warnock ahead about 1%. ---Alan
NYT latest: "We’ve seen enough to republish the needle. It shows Warnock on track to win, even though Herschel Walker leads in the tabulated vote, since nearly all of the remaining vote is left in the Atlanta area." ---Alan
More than half expected, but a relief to see it in hand. And CNN has an article about the 2024 Senate races. They note five vulnerable Democrats. Two of them? Manchin and Sinema.
Smithsonian Museum: HOT (Human Origins Today) Topic – Beyond Neanderthals: Ancient DNA and the Denisovans [Click]
ReplyDelete---Alan
The patriarchal orthodox church is fighting in Ukraine[click] I found this in looking for what Russia is doing with its gold
ReplyDeleteThanks, Hannah-- I had been reading bits and pieces about this for some years, but this is a pretty extensive article. Significant numbers of priests and congregants have been leaving Moscow Patriarchate Orthodox churches in Ukraine recently. It poses difficulties with rituals and the language of services, among other things. Think of the psychological stress of leaving a church where generations of one's forebears--including one's own parents--are buried, to attend a church of the other patriarchate. Well, there are stories of Ukrainian native Russian speakers vowing not to speak Russian any more, and in the case of young families to raise their children as native Ukrainian speakers. There were Russian intelligence officers who knew perfectly well that Ukrainian nationalism was not just strong, but had become indestructible. But Tsar Vladimir IV chose not to listen to them. I find the parallels with Nicholas I and his Crimean War to be striking.
Delete---Alan
The link in the story to the editorial abour Ireland's "Tankies" was also very interesting.
Delete----Alan
Heather Cox Richardson has been working on the Railroads
ReplyDeletePaywall. [sigh] But one thing that puzzles me is references to commuters being affected. Why would commuter railroads (e.g., Chicago's Metra) be under the same contract as long-distance freight railroads?
DeleteI was able to sneak past the paywall. It sounds like we are going to have to have one or more horrendous train crashes to get it through the heads of the numbskulls in Congress that understaffing of railways (as well as other workplaces) is dangerous. Maybe another train running full tilt into Washington Union Station (like 1953) would do the trick.
Delete----Alan
I had no idear there's a paywall on Heather's site! I signed up for her FREE daily letter, and can see it...in fact, it's emailed to me daily. You might want to sign up.
DeleteHere's the story...
On Friday, December 2, President Joe Biden signed into law House Joint Resolution 100, “which provides for a resolution with respect to the unresolved disputes between certain railroads represented by the National Carriers’ Conference Committee of the National Railway Labor Conference and certain of their employees.”
What that long title means is that the U.S. government has overridden the usual union ratification procedures of a tentative agreement to hammer out differences between employers and the 115,000 workers covered by the agreement. Eight of the 12 involved unions had agreed to the deal, which provides 24% wage increases but no sick days, and four had not.
Their refusal to agree seemed almost certain to lead to a strike in which all the unions would participate, shutting down key supply chains and badly hurting the U.S. economy. Some estimated the costs of a strike would be about $2 billion a day, freezing almost 30% of freight shipments by weight, and causing a crisis in all economic sectors—including retail, just before the holidays. It would also disrupt travel for up to 7 million commuters a day and stop about 6300 carloads of food every day from moving. So the government stepped in.
Biden asked Congress on Monday, November 28, to act to prevent a rail strike, but there was a long history behind this particular measure, and an even longer one behind the government’s pressure on railroad workers.
Part 2:
DeleteThe story behind today’s crisis started in 2017 when former president Trump’s trade war hammered agriculture and manufacturing, leading railroad companies to fire workers—more than 20,000 of them in 2019 alone, dropping the number of railroad workers in the U.S. below 200,000 for the first time since the Department of Labor began to keep track of such statistics in the 1940s. By December 2020, the industry had lost 40,000 jobs, most of them among the people who actually operated the trains.
Those jobs did not come back even after the economy did, though, as railroad companies implemented a system called precision scheduled railroading, or PSR. “We fundamentally changed the way we operate over the last 2½ years,” Bryan Tucker, vice president of communications at railroad corporation CSX told Heather Long of the Washington Post in January 2020. “It’s a different way of running a railroad.”
PSR made trains longer and operated them with a skeleton crew that was held to a strict schedule. This dramatically improved on-time delivery rates but sometimes left just two people in charge of a train two to three miles long, with no back-up and no option for sick days, family emergencies, or any of the normal interruptions that life brings, because the staffing was so lean it depended on everyone being in place. Any disruption in schedules brought disciplinary action and possible job loss. Workers got an average of 3 weeks’ vacation and holidays, but the rest of their time, including weekends, was tightly controlled, while smaller crews meant more dangerous working conditions.
PSR helped the railroad corporations make record profits. In 2021, revenue for the two largest railroad corporations in the U.S., the Union Pacific and BNSF (owned by Warren Buffett), jumped 12% to $21.8 billion and 11.6% to $22.5 billion, respectively.
Part 3
DeleteAbout three years ago, union leaders and railroad management began negotiating new contracts but had little luck. In July, Biden established a Presidential Emergency Board (PEB) to try to resolve the differences. The PEB’s August report called for significant wage increases but largely kicked down the road the problems associated with PSR. The National Carriers Conference Committee, which represents the railroads, called the report “fair and appropriate”; not all of the involved unions did.
And here is the deeper historical background to this issue: the government has no final power to force railroad owners to meet workers’ demands. In 1952, in the midst of the Korean War, believing that steel companies were being unreasonable in their unwillingness to bargain with workers, President Harry S. Truman seized control of steel production facilities to prevent a strike that would stop the production of steel defense contractors needed. But, in the Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer decision, the Supreme Court said that the president could not seize private property unless Congress explicitly authorized it to do so. This means that the government has very little leverage over corporations to force them to meet workers’ demands.
Part 4
DeleteBut, thanks to the 1926 Railway Labor Act, Congress can force railroad workers to stay on the job. The 1926 law was one of the first laws on the books to try to stop strikes by providing a mechanism for negotiations between workers and employers. But if the two sides cannot agree after a long pattern of negotiations and cooling off periods, Congress can impose a deal that both sides have to honor.
The idea was to force both sides to bargain, but a key player in this policy was the American consumer, who had turned harshly against railroad workers when the two-month 1894 Pullman Strike, after drastic wage cuts, shut down the country. For the most part, Americans turned against the strikers as travel became diabolically difficult and goods stopped moving. Even reformer Jane Addams, who generally sympathized with workers, worried that the economic crisis had made forgiving the strikers “well-nigh impossible.”
While management generally likes the current system, workers point out that it removes their most effective leverage. Employers can always count on Congress to step in to avoid a railroad strike that would bring the country’s economy to its knees. On November 28, CNN Business reported that more than 400 business groups were asking Congress to enforce the tentative deal in order to prevent a strike. At the same time, the Supreme Court in 1952 took away the main leverage the government had against companies.
Part 5
DeleteAnd so the House passed the measure forcing the unions to accept the tentative deal on Wednesday, November 30, by a vote of 290 to 137. Two hundred and eleven (211) Democrats voted yes; 8 voted no. Seventy-nine (79) Republicans voted yes; 129 voted no.
But then the House promptly took up a measure, House Concurrent Resolution 119, to correct the bill by providing a minimum of 7 paid sick days for the employees covered by the agreement. That, too, passed, by a vote of 221 to 207, with three Republicans joining all the Democrats to vote yes. Those three Republicans were Don Bacon (R-NE), who has gotten attention lately for trying to carve a space for himself away from the rest of the party as someone concerned about practical matters; Brian Fitzpatrick (R-PA); and John Katko (R-NY).
It was a neat way for Congress to impose its will on the companies under the terms of the Railway Labor Act.
Part 7 (last bit)
DeleteBut the railway struggle was about more than sick leave. It was about a system that has historically made it harder for workers than for employers to get what they want. And it is about consumers, who—in the past at any rate—have blamed strikers rather than management when the trains stopped running.
Trump Organization convicted on all counts of Tax Fraud
ReplyDeleteYou beat me to it, listener. Fines said to be as much as 1.6 megabucks; I should think they ought to have to cough up back taxes plus interest-- but I would think lots of things. I shall peruse the gnus.
Delete----Alan
You beat me to it, listener. And it only took the jury one day! I suppose that in addition to the fines, they will also have to cough up back taxes and penalties plus interest.
Delete---Alan
17 (seventeen) counts and guilty on all 17.
DeleteJanuary 6 committee has decided to make criminal referrals
ReplyDeleteMay they go for the gusto!
Delete---Alan
Jan. 6 ‘heroes’ honored for defending Capitol from Trump mob
ReplyDelete"Showing the raw political and emotional fallout from the insurrection and its aftermath, representatives of one of the medal recipients — the family of fallen officer Brian Sicknick — declined to shake hands with the Republican leaders."
Well, as Carville said, the country is getting great lessons in civics . Georgia has been hard to predict because of irregular voters. Because we took Republican ballots in the primary to support Raffensperger, we are getting Republican mailers and robo calls.
ReplyDeleteWarnock is ahead again! (Hope is alive.)
DeleteChina’s COVID Wave Is Coming [Click] And there is no way of knowing just how it will work out.
ReplyDelete---Alan
There is speculation that the strikes against airbases well inside of Russia have been made with updated Tu-141 drones. [Click] Originally fielded in the 1970’s for reconnaissance purposes, Ukraine is thought to have fitted them with warheads and modern guidance systems. Range 1,000 km (620 miles), cruise speed 1,000 km/hr (540 knots), close to Mach 1.
ReplyDelete---Alan
With about 76% of the votes counted in Georgia, Warnock leads by about 1%. I read earlier in the day that it was raining in the strongly Republican counties of northern Georgia.
ReplyDelete----Alan
NYT 20 minutes ago: Fulton, Cobb and DeKalb counties are the backbone of Warnock’s support. Cobb and Fulton have reported just over half their votes; DeKalb, a Democratic stronghold, only 5%. Overall about 76% of votes counted, Warnock ahead about 1%.
ReplyDelete---Alan
It's a real seesaw. Walker is currently up by a couple thousand votes. I'm hopeful the Atlanta area will turn the tide.
DeleteNYT latest: "We’ve seen enough to republish the needle. It shows Warnock on track to win, even though Herschel Walker leads in the tabulated vote, since nearly all of the remaining vote is left in the Atlanta area."
Delete---Alan
CNN: Warnock is "overperforming."
ReplyDelete🤞
CNN PROJECTS RAPHAEL WARNOCK WILL WIN!!
ReplyDeleteWarnock is now 1.4% ahead with 98% of the vote in.
DeleteMore than half expected, but a relief to see it in hand.
DeleteAnd CNN has an article about the 2024 Senate races. They note five vulnerable Democrats. Two of them? Manchin and Sinema.
{listener}
Delete👍 👍
Apparently Walker is going to concede.
ReplyDeleteGo to: CNN.IT
ReplyDeleteWarnock is now 1.6% ahead with 99% of the vote in.
ReplyDeleteWalker has conceded. Warnock soon to speak.
Warnock (now speaking) is 1.8% ahead.
ReplyDelete1.6%
DeleteGeorgia's other Senator isn't up for re-election for four more years. 👍
ReplyDeleteImpressive. Both Walker and Warnock gave good (even gracious) speeches.
ReplyDeleteIt will be ineresting to see how my email inbox changes now that the 2022 midterms are over.
ReplyDeleteAs of 0214 ET Warnock 51.4%, Walker 48.6%.
ReplyDelete---Alan